Wednesday, November 27, 2019
A Tale of Two Cities - essays
A Tale of Two Cities - essays The French Revolution, in the novel A Tale of Two Cities written by Charles Dickens, is described throughout the novel as a force of nature; the revolution came progressively but indubitably sweeping over an entire region with cries of passion, as like rain, and hazardous conditions brought forth from it, as like a storm. This theme weaves itself into the novels setting and time period from the initiation of the oppression of the poor by the French aristocracy to the Reign of Terror period that killed thousands, thus creating a collectively given message to the reader that the revolution was destined to occur. Not only does the theme target the Revolution as a whole, it illustrates Madame Defarges strong fervor for revenge against the nobleman particularly the Evrmonde family. Madame Defarge is the epitome of an ardent patriot in A Tale of Two Cities; and so, can be exemplified as a hurricane. In the beginning, over a period of time, a hurricane gradually gets stronger out in the oc ean just like her hate. Then when let go or when enough strength is gained, it spins in the ocean with intensity and force, just like the oppressed people when they over ran the noblemen. It is unstoppable as it brings along with it flooding, gusting winds, and an unsafe environment for the region. The theme, Forces of Nature, can be found many times in the book when describing the mob mentality of the people and their means of overpowering the corrupted aristocracy. Not only is nature spoken of as the environment of the earth but also the spirit of a being. For instance, Jean Jacques Rousseau, a French philosopher, believed that people by nature are good and are only then corrupted by society. With that stated, the force of being good is overpowering the tyrannical and corrupted, otherwise known as the nobility. It is in the will of the common people to override the bad and bring France to Liberty, Equ...
Saturday, November 23, 2019
Biography of Fannie Lou Hamer, Civil Rights Leader
Biography of Fannie Lou Hamer, Civil Rights Leader Known for her civil rights activism, Fannie Lou Hamer was called the spirit of the civil rights movement. Born a sharecropper, she worked from the age of six as a timekeeper on a cotton plantation. Later, she became involved in the Black Freedom Struggle and eventually moved on to become a field secretary for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). Dates: October 6, 1917 - March 14, 1977Also known as: Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer About Fannie Lou Hamer Fannie Lou Hamer, born in Mississippi, was working in the fields when she was six and was only educated through the sixth grade. She married in 1942 and adopted two children. She went to work on the plantation where her husband drove a tractor, first as a field worker and then as the plantations timekeeper. She also attended meetings of the Regional Council of Negro Leadership, where speakers addressed self-help, civil rights, and voting rights. Field Secretary With the SNCC In 1962, Fannie Lou Hamer volunteered to work with the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) registering black voters in the South. She and the rest of her family lost their jobs for her involvement, and SNCC hired her as a field secretary. She was able to register to vote for the first time in her life in 1963 and then taught others what theyd need to know to pass the then-required literacy test. In her organizing work, she often led the activists in singing Christian hymns about freedom: This Little Light of Mine and others. She helped organize the 1964 Freedom Summer in Mississippi, a campaign sponsored by SNCC, Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), and the NAACP. In 1963, after being charged with disorderly conduct for refusing to go along with a restaurants whites only policy, Hamer was beaten so badly in jail, and refused medical treatment, that she was permanently disabled. Founding Member and VP of the MFDP Because African Americans were excluded from the Mississippi Democratic Party, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP) was formed, with Fannie Lou Hamer as a founding member and vice president. The MFDP sent an alternate delegation to the 1964 Democratic National Convention, with 64 black and 4 white delegates. Fannie Lou Hamer testified to the conventions Credentials Committee about violence and discrimination faced by black voters trying to register to vote, and her testimony was televised nationally. The MFDP refused a compromise offered to seat two of their delegates and returned to further political organizing in Mississippi, and in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Voting Rights Act. Delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1972 From 1968 to 1971, Fannie Lou Hamer was a member of the Democratic National Committee for Mississippi. Her 1970 lawsuit, Hamer v. Sunflower County, demanded school desegregation. She ran unsuccessfully for the Mississippi state Senate in 1971, and successfully for delegate to the Democratic National Convention of 1972. Other Accomplishments She also lectured extensively, and was known for a signature line she often used, Im sick and tired of being sick and tired. She was known as a powerful speaker, and her singing voice lent another power to civil rights meetings. Fannie Lou Hamer brought a Head Start program to her local community, to form a local Pig Bank cooperative (1968) with the help of the National Council of Negro Women, and later to found the Freedom Farm Cooperative (1969). She helped found the National Womens Political Caucus in 1971, speaking for the inclusion of racial issues in the feminist agenda. In 1972 the Mississippi House of Representatives passed a resolution honoring her national and state activism, passing 116 to 0. Suffering from breast cancer, diabetes, and heart problems, Fannie Lou Hamer died in Mississippi in 1977. She had published To Praise Our Bridges: An Autobiography in 1967. June Jordan published a biography of Fannie Lou Hamer in 1972, and Kay Mills published This Little Light of Mine: The Life of Fannie Lou Hamer in 1993. Background, Family Father: Jim TownsendMother: Ella Townsendyoungest of 20 childrenborn in Montgomery County, Mississippi; family moved when she was two to Sunflower County, Mississippi Education Hamer attended the segregated school system in Mississippi, with a short school year to accommodate fieldwork as a child of a sharecropping family. She dropped out by 6th grade. Marriage, Children Husband: Perry Pap Hamer (married 1942; tractor driver)Children (adopted): Dorothy Jean, Vergie Ree Religion Baptist Organizations Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), National Council of Negro Women (NCNW), Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), National Womens Political Caucus (NWPC), others
Thursday, November 21, 2019
Leadership Ethics and Diversity Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words
Leadership Ethics and Diversity - Case Study Example Again the Executive Leader could have also worked in helping Michael get leave on medical grounds. This policy would have helped the company in reducing the level of disturbances gained owing to the behavioral conducts of Michael and similarly would have helped Michel in leading a tension and stress free life being way from the workplace. However adequate privacy should be held pertaining to the medical information of Michael gained in the course such that it does not lead to any kind of embarrassment. Thus rather than treating him to be disabled the acts should work in understanding how to ease the situation for Michael and thereby effectively accommodate him in the concern (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). This stance would have helped Harvard from countering any Discrimination Suit such that Michael would have felt to have been cared for by his superiors. Again the above case would have helped in gaining Michael back to work with effective treatment conducted. Case 2 The Executive Leader duly appointed would have worked to make the passengers understand and honor the religious sentiments of the Muslims through rendering of examples in which an activity conducted would have affected the latter’s religious sentiments. Justification of the religious sentiments of the Muslim cab drivers would have helped in abolishing the mental conflicts pertaining to the same between the cab drivers and passengers. The Executive Leader must endeavor to enhance the religious position and sentiments of both the parties to the issue and also must act in enhancing the number of cabs not driven by Muslim drivers in the region (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p. 265). Case 3 In this case the Executive Leader should have worked in creating an intervention program to treat Brown’s problem of Sleep Apnea to effectively increase his efficiency at the workplace rather than working on termination standards. Thus firstly the Executive Leader would work in identifying the level of ps ychiatric ailment pertaining to Brown through the assistance of a psychiatrist appointed by the company. This psychiatrist can work to evaluate the history and the medical help gained till now at the personal level by Brown. Such intervention process coupled by steady documentation would help the company management gain adequate knowledge of the present condition of the Sleep Apnea aliment of Brown. Depending on such knowledge the company can adequately change the work environment for Brown by temporarily putting Brown on leave or relocating him to other departments. The Executive Leader must also work in getting feedback and information from time to time relating to the level of revival gained in by Brown through such medical interventions carried out. Feedbacks can be gained both at the personal and at the medical level by consulting with Brown and the psychiatrists respectively. This intervention process needs to be carried on till the time the psychiatrists consider him fit to r ejoin the duty of ‘Emergency Dispatcher’ (Harvey and Allard, 2008, p.265). The above intervention program carried out by the Executive Leader would help in enhancing the level of commitment and loyalty of Brown towards the
Tuesday, November 19, 2019
Improving health for the psychiatric population Essay - 1
Improving health for the psychiatric population - Essay Example Each person is entitled to a good mental health to enable them to adhere to their roles in school, family and at work. According to EC (2005 p4), â€Å"mental health is a state of well-being in which the individual realizes hi or her abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.†However, mental illness is accompanied by depression, stress, and mental strains, hence rendering a person incapable of acting normal. Nevertheless, Psychiatric problems may be hereditary, environmental, or economic. Psychiatric illness affects a country’s economy via loss of production through early retirement. Therefore, the need for mental health improvement on the general population is important; as its related challenges need to be addressed; for instance, stigma and human rights. Studies on the psychiatric population have been conducted over the past years, including the causes, symptoms, and treatment. According to Stewart, et al (2009 p749), manual restraining was commonly used in Psychiatric hospitals as a way of managing violent behaviors of the patients. Violent behaviors among the psychiatric patients are usually high; therefore, manual restraint is commonly used to calm the patient down. This method involves restraining the patient on the floor in a prone position to restrict any movement; however, such reaction lasts for about ten minutes. Stewart et al (2009) further insist that manual restraint involves the risk of injury to the involved parties, but are common in staff members. According to a survey conducted on 269 nurses in the psychiatric care units, they agreed to the fact the manual restraint had positive outcomes, although it was stressful (Stewart, et al, 2009, p.753). Mental disorders are not only evident in adults, but also among
Sunday, November 17, 2019
The HR Manager Essay Example for Free
The HR Manager Essay Introduction            In this country, and even in the rest of the world, the practice of Human Resources Management is rapidly evolving to assume a more pervasive role in the society.  We are in the era of organizational revolution. Out time is marked with rapid shifts in the demography of our workforce, changing corporate culture, and changing organizations. Organizational forms have become more complex and new forms have been developed (Block, 1981). The management of people has never been as important and crucial than ever before. Today, it is considered a central figure and the key to productivity and quality especially in a very competitive society. The Need            In the light of the rapid shift in today’s organization, the skills required of human resource managers, beginners in the profession and even aspiring students in the discipline, rest on the foundation of knowledge on the whole gamut of human resources management, specifically management theories applied in our setting (Kline Saunders, 1993).            The need for a more efficient, economical and equitable management of the human resources in business industry has never been as pronounced as it is today. This need has never been brought about by factors which inevitably affect not only the established structures and ways of doing things within the personnel area but also by the more meaningful and substantial task of managing the organization’s most important asset – the human resource. Among these factors are: stiffer competition in business; rapid changes in technological, competitive and economic environments; the explosion of technical and managerial knowledge; spiraling wage and benefits cost and so many others. These factors have no doubt been responsible for the emergence of the personnel function as a vital area in the implementation of corporate strategy (Bruffee, 1993).            The influence of behavioral science has resulted in a humanistic orientation for personnel management that is geared toward attainment of organizational objectives. Traditional functions in personnel such as hiring, wage and benefits administration and record keeping are still being performed. However, the scope of personnel management has been expanded to include strategic concerns such as, among others, career planning, organizational development and community relations. This linking of personnel management with the process of achieving the organization’s strategic goal defines the qualitative leap into human resource management (Demick, 1993). III. Defining our terminology            What are learning theories and what are the implications of these to the matter at hand? How do we know that these are in operation? What activities should be secured in an organization that will encourage the knowledge of these theories? As we were just pondering on the grave need for the upliftment and maximum utilization of our workforce by addressing several factors inherent in the profession, we want to first look into these learning theories and analyze about their contribution to a difficult year.            Atkinson (1993) best summarizes what learning theories assume:            â€Å"Learning pervades our lives. It is involved not only in mastering a new skill            or academic subject but also in emotional development, social interaction            and even personality development. We learn what we fear, what to love,            how to be polite and so on. Given the pervasiveness of learning in our lives,            it is not surprising that we have already discussed many instances of it – how            for example, children love to perceive the world around them, to identify with            their own sex, and to control their behavior according to adult standards.†           Learning as proponents claim them to be, maybe defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from practice: behavior changes that are due to maturation (rather than practice), or temporary conditions of the organism (e.g. fatigue, or drug-induced) are not included. All cases of learning are not the same, though. Learning is defined by Craig et al as a process through which one’s capacity or disposition is changed as a result of experience. Apparently, while learning can be defined as a process and a product, most definitions stress learning more as a process. Changes resulting from development and experience are emphasized. III. The Concepts of Learning            There are three kinds of learning. These three different kinds may be distinguished as classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive learning. In the study of behavior, concepts in learning are differentiated and defined.            In classical conditioning, the conditioned response often resembles the normal response to the unconditioned stimulus. Concepts such as, acquisition, extinction, discrimination, extinction, generalization, spontaneous recovery, and higher order of learning are all associated with classical conditioning. is portrayed by our independent yet harmful.            Much of real-life behavior is like this though: response is learned because individuals operate on, or effect the environment. Concepts like instrumental conditioning, reinforcement, shaping, extinction, punishment, biofeedback, token economies, and programmed learning are essential notions in the theory (Atkinson et al, 2000).            While classical and operant conditioning are both relatively simple forms of learning, Cognitive learning, on the other hand, involves mental processes, such as attention and memory, that may be learned through observation or imitation; it may not involve any external rewards or require the person to perform any observable behaviors. Concepts in cognitive learning include Insight learning and observation learning. Insight learning is a mental process marked by the sudden occurrence of a solution whereas observational learning, say theorists, may account for most human learning. It occurs, when we observe people around us, as early as a year old and even below, doing things and we learn those tasks they do (Atkinson et al, 2000).            Modern management theories employ these concepts in specific and specialized forms. It’s psychology applied in the industry and organization. They call these self-learning and continuous learning. Self-directed training includes the learner initiating the learning, making the decisions about what training and development experiences will occur, and how. The learner selects and carries out their own learning goals, objectives, methods and means to verify that the goals were met.            Probably the most important skill for todays rapidly changing workforce is skills in self-reflection. The highly motivated, self-directed learner with skills in self-reflection can approach the workplace as a continual classroom from which to learn.            Supervisors and employees who work together to accomplish formal, self-directed learning in the workplace also accomplishes continuous learning for continued productivity and learning. The Nature of the Work.            Attracting the most qualified employees and matching them to the jobs for which they are best suited is significant for the success of any organization. However, many enterprises are too large to permit close contact between top management and employees. Human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists provide this connection. In the past, these workers have been associated with performing the administrative function of an organization, such as handling employee benefits questions or recruiting, interviewing, and hiring new staff in accordance with policies and requirements that have been established in conjunction with top management. Today’s human resources workers manage these tasks and, increasingly, consult top executives regarding strategic planning. They have moved from behind-the-scenes staff work to leading the company in suggesting and changing policies. Senior management is recognizing the significance of the human resources department to their financial success.            In an effort to enhance morale and productivity, limit job turnover, and help organizations increase performance and improve business results, they also help their firms effectively use employee skills, provide training and development opportunities to improve those skills, and increase employees’ satisfaction with their jobs and working conditions. Although some jobs in the human resources field require only limited contact with people outside the office, dealing with people is an important part of the job.            The educational backgrounds of human resources, training, and labor relations managers and specialists vary considerably because of the diversity of duties and levels of responsibility. In filling entry-level jobs, many employers seek college graduates who have majored in human resources, human resources administration, or industrial and labor relations. Other employers look for college graduates with a technical or business background or a well-rounded liberal arts education (Maccoby, 1998).            Many colleges and universities have programs leading to a degree in personnel, human resources, or labor relations. Some offer degree programs in human resources administration or human resources management, training and development, or compensation and benefits. Depending on the school, courses leading to a career in human resources management may be found in departments of business administration, education, instructional technology, organizational development, human services, communication, or public administration, or within a separate human resources institution or department.            Because an interdisciplinary background is appropriate in this field, a combination of courses in the social sciences, business, and behavioral sciences is useful. Some jobs may require a more technical or specialized background in engineering, science, finance, or law, for example. Most prospective human resources specialists should take courses in compensation, recruitment, training and development, and performance appraisal, as well as courses in principles of management, organizational structure, and industrial psychology. Other relevant courses include business administration, public administration, psychology, sociology, political science, economics, and statistics. Courses in labor law, collective bargaining, labor economics, labor history, and industrial psychology also provide a valuable background for the prospective labor relations specialist. As in many other fields, knowledge of computers and information systems also is useful.            The management of human resources or to put it simply means the management of people who come from different backgrounds, differing worldviews, age and cultural distinctiveness. Any person who will be handling such diversity is in for trouble. Hence, a solid knowledge of human behavior is prerequisite (Bohm, 1998). Why the need for learning theories? And how to promote it in the context of HR management?            Understandably, the HR manager’s role is one of leadership not just of management. When he/she leads people he/she takes into account the individuality and the complexity, the seemingly unpredictability of behavior. Why seemingly, because at one end we think of the difficulty in truly expecting people to follow the way we want them to follow. However, we also see the other end, that for reasons that we too are human, we know to a certain extent what makes people tick, or what makes people squirm and so on. If we have sufficient background on the learning theories (i.e. insight learning or observational learning), we bring with us an arsenal to help us create change, and move people within our leadership (or influence) to create the change we believe (or our employers believe) should happen in the workplace (Morecroft Sterman , 1994).            When we are equipped with the knowledge of learning theories we come with a knowledge of people. For example, we can employ the information by crafting our goals and mission statements by involving our people in the process. Learning theories teach us that by involving people in goal-setting gives them ownership; by itself (the involvement) is a form of reward (intrinsic).            In general, the spirit of learning is the spirit of desiring knowledge above and beyond the current abilities a particular individual possesses. It means creating the appetite for change, positive and better change for the person and for the organization where he/she belongs.       Promoting learning in the workplace is both easy and difficult. Easy because if we are experts on human behavior we use influence to help us towards that direction and difficult, usually when we don’t take time to study the kind of people our organization has. What are our strategies?            In the workplace, we can employ several strategies. An HR manager may choose from a variety of methods or line of attack so to speak.            One is self-learning, which is a combination of insight, observational and classical /operant learning. Self-learning occurs when the individual reflects on his/her encounter or experience on a particular day and learns something from it. It is informal and most often the typical kind of learning that occurs. Self-directed learning programs possess abundant advantages over traditional variety of classroom instruction for employees in the workplace, whether they are leaders, managers, or individual contributors. Bouchard (Self-directed Learning in Organizational Settings (a working paper), Concordia University, Montreal, Canada) clarifies, â€Å"Over the years, it has become increasingly clear that traditional approaches to program design and delivery in the workplace and in associative organizations present some important weaknesses. Problem areas include: coping with the short life span of useful knowledge; passing down acquired competencies to succeeding cohorts; accommodating the demands of productivity while providing for a continuity of learning; [and] enabling learners to pursue activities that correspond to their learning styles and needs†(p. 1). Carl Rogers, pioneer of self-directed therapy, claimed that â€Å"anything that can be taught to another is relatively inconsequential, and has little or no significant influence on behavior†(1961, p. 276). He contends, â€Å"The only learning which significantly influences behavior is self-discovered, self-appropriated learning†(p. 276).            Continuous Learning is the ability to learn to learn. It goes beyond linear learning. Learning need not be a linear event where a learner goes to a formal learning program, acquires areas of knowledge and skills about a system or process, and then the learning terminates. If the learner can view life (including work) as a learning program, then the learner can continue to learn from almost everything in life. As a result, the learner continues to expand his or her capacity for living, including working (Bridges, 1991).            Peter Senge, well-known systems theorist, elucidates that continual learning and individual mastery are very alike. In continuous learning, the learner carries on to: 1. Distinguish priorities or overall values about themselves and how they want to live and work          they have a personal vision. Undergo a dynamic function in the world and work. Keep on reflecting on their encounters in the world and work. Inquire about current feedback about the world (including work) and their activities in it Continue to be as receptive as possible to the feedback (which entails a considerable level of personal maturity). Create continuing regulations and modifications, based on constant feedback, to the manner they live their lives and perform their work in order to meet their goals and priorities. Consequently, the primary features of continuous learning include:            Having some basic values in a person’ life or priorities in his/her work.; owning responsibility in the world; relating with the new information and skills; pausing to make inquiries and contemplate about one’s life and experiences; expecting and receiving continuing feedback;  eliminating personal impediments on receiving feedbacks and possessing the audacity and humility to adjust. Conclusions            Much of the learning in the workplace has been adaptive (i.e. individuals are trained to adapt to the needs of the organization in a manner that ensures consistency and compliance with norms). In contrast, the new paradigm focuses on liberating individuals and bringing forth their ability to create. This develops within the person, a work ethic that he/she is expected to adhere to, considering that it reflects his/her personhood, his wants and wishes, as well as his future plans. This has generated a much greater contribution from the workforce than expected and continues to develop a learning community where the exchange of ideas is encouraged and work output increased. Enthusiasm towards work in general will be maximized and relationship within the workplace improved. Reference: Atkinson, RL, RC Atkinson, EE Smith, DJ Bem, and S. Nolen-Hoeksema, Hilgard’s     Introduction to psychology. 13th ed., New York: Harcourt brace and Company,            2000. Block, Peter, Flawless Consulting: A Guide to Getting Your Expertise Used, University            Associates, San Diego, CA 1981. Bohm, David. (1985) Unfolding Meaning. Loveland, CO: Foundation House. Bridges, William, Managing Transitions, Making the Most of Change, Addison-Wesley,          Menlo Park, CA 1991. Bruffee, Kenneth A. Collaborative Learning: Higher Education, Interdependence, and the Authority of Knowledge. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 1993. Demick, J. and Miller, P., Development in the Workplace, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates,            Publishers, New Jersey, 1993. Gozdz, Kazimierz, ed., Community Building: Renewing Spirit and Learning in Business,            Sterling Stone (NewLeadersPress), San Francisco, 1995. Kline, Peter and Bernard Saunders. Ten Steps to a Learning Organization. Great Ocean Publishers, Inc. Arlington, VA. 1993. Maccoby, Michael, Why Work: Motivating and Leading the New Generation, Simon            Schuster, New York, 1988. Morecroft, John D.W. and John Sterman eds.(1994) Modeling for Learning        Organizations. Productivity Press. McNamara, Carter., http//:www.authenticity   consulting.com. Copyright 1999 Rogers, C., On Becoming a Person: A Therapist’s View of Psychotherapy, Houghton    Mifflin, 1961, p. 276.  Senge, Peter, 1990. The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning  Organization 1st edition, 1994 paperback edition, xxiii, 413 p., ISBN 0-385-        26095-4. West, G. W. Group Learning in the Workplace. In S. Imel (Ed.), Learning in groups: exploring fundamental principles, new uses, and emerging opportunities. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. (1996).
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Essay --
The rabies virus is a zoonotic disease that attacks the nervous system, leading to acute encephalitis and eventual death. Rabies is spread most commonly through contact between saliva from an infected host and the open wound of a victim, in the form of a bite. However, infection from the contamination of any mucous membrane, including the eyes and mouth, with infected saliva is also possible ("How Is Rabies Transmitted?†). Once transmittance has occurred, the virus uses the peripheral nervous system, or the â€Å"nerves and ganglia outside of the brain and spinal cord†, in order to reach the central nervous system (â€Å"Peripheral Nervous System†). During this time, known as the incubation period, the virus exhibits little to no symptoms in victims, including the ability to infect others through saliva contact ("The Path of the Virus."). The incubation period is determined by the specific length the virus has to travel to reach the brain. Subsequently, larger ani mals may experience longer incubation periods ranging from weeks to months. Once rabies reaches the central nervous system, rapid viral replication results in encephalitis, as well as the first outward symptoms. These symptoms include increased aggression, excessive drooling, disorientation, seizures, and hydrophobia (Harris County Public Health). During this time, the virus begins being secreted by the saliva glands. Unlike the incubation period, the active period is relatively short; most symptoms appear within three to five days after the incubation period, and death usually occurs within seven days after exhibiting symptoms ("The Path of the Virus."). As a result of the rapid neural degradation, rabies is nearly incurable after the onset of symptoms. The rabies virus has the ... ...in China at the time (Schiller). Due to their low medical funds, underdeveloped and developing countries have difficulty dealing with local rabies epidemics. Though rabies is still prevalent in many countries today, it has little pandemic potential. Simply, rabies has nearly been eradicated in developed countries in the last several decades, present only in isolated cases. Though underdeveloped and developing countries continue to battle rabies, the issue is more of a concern for medical funds than for rabies itself. If developing countries had the potential to purchase rabies vaccinations and promote population control legislations, then rabies would be eliminated worldwide. The fact that developed countries have lowered rabies rates to near-nonexistence is proof of possible worldwide eradication. Rabies is an issue of the past, and it has no place in the future.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
A Dream Shattered or Still a Big Potential Essay
A DREAM SHATTERED OR STILL A BIG POTENTIAL: A CASE STUDY OF TATA NANO Abstract Keeping the potential of Indian Automobile Industry in mind, a few years back, around 2006 Ratan Tata conceived the idea of a tiny car with even a tinier price tag for rapidly growing middle class segment. Tata Nano was seen as a triumph of home grown engineering ; as making a product which encapsulates the dreams of millions of Indians with all the elements of mix i.e. safety, engineering, design, efficiency, style at a price tag of one lakh was in itself a challenge. The intense media scrutiny about the few cases of Nano catching fire brought a remarkable dent in Nano sales and shattered the customers’ confidence in car. Since then Nano is struggling hard to regain its strong image in the eyes of its customers as still the huge potential of middle segment is unexplored. The discussion arises about the turnaround strategies of Nano keeping in view its initial launch success, a few quality failures and distorted perceptions in the minds of its customers. This discussion will further add to the design of strategies for future new products which are well strategized for success with clear and defined conceivable about the costs, and market segments but fail due to a few small but significant mistakes. Keywords: Product Development,, USP (unique selling preposition), Buzz marketing, Communication Complacency, Strategic Repositioning, Resurrection. *This case study is developed during the resurrection phase of Tata Nano in March 2012 for classroom discussion as a perfect illustration for analyzing various aspects in the launch of an innovative product,,its market acceptance , Changing people perceptions etc. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1087 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Introduction Just a few months back, India overtook Brazil as the sixth largest passenger vehicle manufacturer in the world (Wikipedia Automobile industry). This proves the fact that the Indian Automobile Industry is moving at a fast pace. India is a growing market for Hatchbacks, Sedans, SUVs MUVs, Crossovers and MPVs. Among these small cars have emerged as a clear winner. In fact the country has become a leading centre in producing small cars. Keeping this potential of Indian Automobile Industry in mind , a few years back, around 2006 Ratan Tata conceived the idea of a tiny car with even a tinier price tag for rapidly growing middle class segment. Tata Nano achieved instant success when it was introduced as world’s cheapest car in the year 2009. Tata Nano was seen as a triumph of home grown engineering ; as making a product which encapsulates the dreams of millions of Indians with all the elements of mix i.e. safety, engineering, design, efficiency, style at a price tag of one lakh was in itself a challenge. And Tata’s seemed to fulfill all the promises to its customers by offering Nano. Majority of Indian population belong to middle class, when it comes to purchasing cars they look for the affordable vehicles. Few studies related to consumer buying behavior show that if an individual belonging to middle class wants to own a car then he can easily shell out `1 lac to `1.5 lakh. Thus, while buying a car, price tag becomes a prime factor. Though pricing is the prime factor, performance, style and durability also matter. So, Nano essentially being a dream project for Tatas, satisfied very competently all the criteria’s of a successful launch ,that is, tiny price tag, performance, design, style, brand, welcoming customers, mileage, space, interiors, looks, elegance and so on. But the irony started when the safest acclaimed car of Tata’s caught in flames while its way back from showroom to home. The intense media scrutiny about the few cases of Nano catching fire brought a remarkable dent in Nano sales and shattered the customers’ confidence in car. Since then Nano is struggling hard to regain its strong image in the eyes of its customers as still the huge potential of middle segment is unexplored. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1088 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano The discussion arises about the turnaround strategies of Nano keeping in view its initial launch success, a few quality failures and distorted perceptions in the minds of its customers. This discussion will further add to the design of strategies for future new products which are well strategized for success with clear and defined conceival about the costs, and market segments but fail due to a few small but significant mistakes. This discussion can further continue for strategic repositioning and turnaround of products accepted well in their initial stages of ‘PLC’ but matured very shortly due to certain significant marketing mistakes. Conceiving of the Idea The idea conceived about Nano was a dare dream of Tatas’ not because of its unbelievably affordable price but also because of the promise it held for providing safe personal mobility to a huge section of the Indian two wheeler riding population. It was an entirely new product Source: Statistics by Society of Indian Autommobile Manufacturers segment with a whole different dimension of its need to contain costs within a preset target of `1 lakh. The Nano price was the only certainty at the time idea was conceived . And then starting from a clean sheet of paper , the car was designed and developed keeping manufacturing costs, material costs and production costs at lowest possible level along with maintaining its character, style, adorable looks and finished quality. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1089 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Problems in the Product Development Phase Ride for Tatas in the production of Nano had been anything but smooth. Tata built a Nano plant in West Bengal but was forced out in Oct., 2008 due to violent protest from farmers .This event resulted in the temporary delay in the production along with causing a huge loss of infrastructure costs of a plant almost ready for car production. Another plant was built at Sanand in Gujrat where the production finally started. These initial bottlenecks in the production somewhere affected the enthusiasm about the project and resulted in limited early availability which caused pre-bookings and lottery deliveries. This priced out many buyers negatively snatching out the momentum from the market. Almost from the start the project was plagued by problems and were magnified by intense media involvement. Most Awaited launch When India’s Tata Motors launched Nano in 2009, the concept of the world’s cheapest car in one of the fast growing vehicles markets seems pre-destined for success. At its launch , car buying dynamics seemed to be undergoing a subtle change. Tata dealers were flooded with queries from prospective buyers. People mainly middle class were anxiously waiting for it. Being the world’s cheapest car, Tata Nano had an edge over its competitors in terms of its pricing , which helped Tata to register decent sales figures initially. While choosing between Maruti Suzuki 800 and Tata Nano, people gave letter more weightage in terms of price and design. Its biggest USP (unique selling preposition ) was its attractive looks at lowest price. In March 2009, when Tata was launched it got advance bookings upto 2,00,000 cars but it went through lottery route to give the first 1,00,000 nanos to its lucky customers. Nano became the most coveted thing for two wheeler riders and Tata was so confident about its product that it did’nt go into any marketing plan for Nano. Its intense hype was itself doing its buzz marketing1. So, Tata got busy in producing Nanos to fulfill its intense demand but at the same time being very complacent about the market and customers perceptions of the car. 1. Buzz marketing is word of mouth recommendations by its existing users National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1090 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Sudden No-No for Nano Among all this hype when the new emerged middle segment of car owners were enjoying their ride in their sparkling stylish Nanos , first case of Nano catching fire was reported in March, 2010 while its trip from showroom to customer’s house. Another incident quoted the car went on flames soon after the driver reported a spark from the rear side of the car. The assurance of Tata’s cheapest car being safest proved ironical and the media which was giving intense scrutiny to the project did its job well during the bad times also. The security failure of the car completely broke the trust of the customers in Nano. A drastic decrease in sales was noticed in November 2010 (from 9000 units to 509 units per month) when company called its existing customers to install the safety devices in the car. So with in a year the brainchild of Tatas started seeming like a failure as its sales went nearly half within a year. Sales were far off the target of 25000 cars a month and the Nano plant with an annual capacity of 250000 cars kept producing only 8000 units a month till March 2011. Table 1: Sales Excerpts (From July 2009 to March 2012) Month and year Nano units sold July 2009 2475 Dec 2009 4001 March 2010 4710 April 2010 3525 July 2010 9000 Nov 2010 509 Dec 2010 5784 Source: various websites of Tata motors Month and year Jan 2011 April 2011 July 2011 Dec 2011 Jan 2012 Feb 2012 Mar 2012 Nano units sold 6703 10012 3260 7466 7723 9217 10475 National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1091 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Tata Nano Performance vs Automobile Industry Production (Passenger Vehicles) Industrial Scanning and analysis showed that the passenger vehicles production in the country was growing tremendously ( Fig. 3), but Nano sales showed a mixed trend till the mid of 2011 (Fig 2). The company took to replace the starter motors in the older models and launched a new model in 2012 but replacing of the parts could also affect the further sales of new model as well said , ‘Indian customers do not forgive easily’. So, there was a great challenge for Tata to retain its brand image. Inappropriate Market Positioning: Cheaper vs Affordable After the several months of disappointing sales of Nano, it became clear by the end of 2011that its cheapest tag has actually shunned its sales . The status conscious customer didn’t want to get associated with its ‘cheap’ tag and rather opted for slightly pricier rivals . Nobody wanted to be caught with a tag of ‘poor man’s car. So rather being a functional step above a motorcycle it became known as a cut-price car. Crucially car has struggled to find a core market. The overwhelming interest in the car brought all the mixed segments of the customers in the market. So, a distinctive strategy was missing to give a correct positioning and segmentation to the extremely distinctive product. Communication complacency Tatas relied heavily on the publicity rather than a definitely designed communication strategy. There was huge involvement from media, industry and public at large . Rather than leveraging this publicity Tata became complacent about the communication. It became the first car to be launched at zero cost of advertising with a huge success. The publicity generated was far greater than what could be generated through any conventional campaign. Tatas plea was that problem was not of the complacency. Because the Nano plant had to move from West Bengal to Gujarat, production timelines were difficult to maintain. With not enough cars being made, the company felt it didn’t have to advertise or even set up efficient distribution channels. But the hype about the car died down, and the stories about the fires gained prominence. National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1093 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano On the hindsight, apart from being delayed, the first ads were not the most appropriate .They showcased couples ensconced in Nanos , While those on two wheelers stared at them balefully. It seemed to be just for people who have to stretch themselves to buy a car; rather it could have been for housewife or a youngster who had just turned 18. But the advertising focused at parity level. Tata seemed to ratify the media story about it being a Garibrath rather than a cool car. Another ad in the early 2011 also projected the same image featuring a girl in a decidedly rustic setting awaiting the family Nano. Initial ads of Tata Nano: Khushion ki Chabi Such mistakes by Tatas actually fuelled the perception of a poor man’s car. The car is too much of an emotional purchase . It’s the second biggest achievement after a house and the cheapest tag proved disastrous for Nano. Resurrection by Tatas Nano is the dream of Tatas and seeing the market flooded with so many small cars Tatas still see a huge potential in Nano and is seeming to undo its mistakes in the past. As quoted by Ratan Tata on the eve of Auto expo 2012 , ‘Nano is not a flop. We have lost an early opportunity due to mistakes in positioning and marketing the product.’ The new marketing campaign by Tata is all set to change the perception from a Garib rath to a cool car as it allows young to be so whimsical with the cool car that they can drive the several kilometers for a cup of perfect tea! Road to Lal Tippa National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1094 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano Tata is going to launch Tata Nano CNG by the end of 2012. The company has given the car a new makeover by additional features like new interiors, a powerful gasoline engine, better fuel efficiency and attractive colors like champagne gold and papaya orange. Another initiative is offering Tata Nano happiness guarantee which more than doubles the car’s warranty from 18 months to four years insisting on its reliability. Offering fast track financing for buyers with loan approvals in 48 hours and reducing down payments to just `15000 is another measure. Tata is planning to enter new global market such as Thailand, Myanmar, Indonesia and Bangladesh with Nano. The 2012 version of Nano was unveiled by the Tata in the end of 2011 and now as the fiscal year ended in March, the new efforts to promote the 2012 Nano in the Indian market have started paying off. After July 2011 till March 2012 Tata Nano has registered an increase in sales and crossed the 10000 mark at the end of the fiscal year 2011-12 (March 2012, 10475 units, Table1). The lovely Nano is a big beneficial car in small package and its value is being recognized gradually by the customers. Hence, with the conviction in mind that the potential of Nano market remains as vast as it was originally predicted; Tata is moving with some strong steps in the market as it is also planning to launch a diesel variant of Nano in near future which will prove a value preposition for its customers. Long way ahead Nano has to go a long way in realizing its dream of 20,000 plus units per month that would get its plant in the western state of Gujarat running full throttle which is presently moving at the level of around 10000 units per month. Hailed as a showpiece of innovation spawned from and targeted at the emerging upper middle class ; Nano is working hard to undo its mistakes in the past. As small car segment is having very strong potential, there is a flood of small car brands in the Indian market. It has to face strong competition from its near rivals such as Bajaj’s RE 60 , Maruti Suzuki Cervo ( approx. ` 1.5 lakh) , Maruti Alto and slightly pricier options Hyundai Santro, newly launched Hyundai Eon etc. Nano faces rising competition from used car segment National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1095 A Dream Shattered or Still A Big Potential: A Case Study of Tata Nano also. Apart from the strong competitors, high inflation and slow economic growth also put another challenges for Tata Nano. Tata is doing hard to resurrect the product segment by intensive reliability engineering, advertising innovations for repositioning and strong distribution and service facilities to recollect the trust of its customers. Let’s see how Nano makes its makers proud amidst conflicting perceptions of customers, the immense competition and rising inflation by maintaining expected performance at its tiniest tag!!! Questions 1. What do you think were the reasons due to which Nano was such a welcome launch more than any other car launch in the industry previously? 2. As Cheapest car being its USP (Unique selling Preposition), how it went against the sales performance of Nano subsequently. Give key reasons. 3. â€Å"Intense Media attention about the product went for and against it also.†Elaborate . 4. How the changed perceptions about the car impacted its sales? Also give other key reasons for such a vast variation in its sales performance. 5. Despite the various resurrection efforts by Tata what potential do you see of Nano in rapidly growing small car segment in coming years in the view of rising competition in the segment? References: ‘Auto Expo 2012: Tata Nano is not a flop, just an opportunity wasted: Ratan Tata’, Economic Times, Jan 6, 2012. ‘No Takers: Is the Tata Nano Running Out of Gas?’, India Knowledge@Wharton, January 27, 2011 Buddiraja S. , ‘ Case Analysis in Marketing Management’, Tata Mcgraw hills, New Delhi. Dhingra Mayank, ‘Marketing Case Study: Tata Nano  Document Transcript’,( Aug 2009), Slideshare. India Today/ Business/Story New Delhi ,Jan 6 2012. Kotlar Phillip , ‘Marketing Management: a South Asian Perspective’ 13th Edition , Pearson Education,New Delhi. Statistics by Society of Indian Mobile Manufacturers ,http://www.siamindia.com/scripts/market-share.aspx Economic Times ,’World’s cheapest car’ tag backfires’, ,24 Jan, 2012 Web Sources: www.tatamotors.com/media/press-releases.php?id=732 www.zigwheels.com/tata-nano/ www.iol.co.za/business/business-news/home-sales-of-world-s-cheapest-car-backfire -1.1219524 Various websites of Tata Motors National Conference on Emerging Challenges for Sustainable Business 2012 1096
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Essay
Historical and Scientific Perspectives on Homosexuality Is homosexuality a choice or genetic? Homosexuality is becoming more and more common all over the world. There are many different perspectives and theories regarding homosexuality. There are historical, culture, species, scientific, and psychological perspectives on being a homosexual person but which is true and which is simply a theory. Homosexual Perspectives Historically being a gay man or a lesbian was a sin. According to the reading sodomy is a sin and was most likely the reason why Sodom was destroyed all those years ago. Historically any release of sperm not meant for procreation is a sin. However, in ancient Greece it was common for established men to form sexual relationships with young men about the age of growing a beard. There are pictures on vases that depict a man inserting his penis between a boy’s legs but not in the anus. I think that given the historical views of homosexual behaviors it makes some people think that it is still wrong and should still be hidden from people. It also depends on how a person was raised in my opinion. If a person was raised to believe that it is a sin to enter into homosexual relationships then they will try to hide it from everyone for as long as possible. However, if a person was raised to believe that there is nothing wrong with being homosexual then they will be more likely to be open about it. (Rathus, 2011) A study was done in 76 preliterate countries as to if male-male relationships were considered to be acceptable. In 49 of these countries it was considered to be normal and acceptable for male-male relationships. However, the other 27 countries had sanctions if you were caught in male-male relationships. Another study was done years later that was of 70 of the world’s non-European societies and the prevalence of male-male relationships. 41% of the 70 found that male-male sexual relationships were present but uncommon. The other 59% claimed that it was rare or absent in their societies. In some countries li ke New Guinea it is considered a rite of passage for boys between the ages of 7 and 10 to leave their homes and move into a â€Å"clubhouse†with adolescent boys and adult males. While living there they would fellate the older boys and drink their semen. They are encouraged to drink as much semen as possible to give them a rise in puberty. However, in their late teens early 20s they are expected to take a bride and enter in exclusively into male-female relationships. I think that homosexuals would be more open about their homosexuality depending on if it is accepted in the society that they live in. There are many reasons as to why people hide that they are homosexual from those around them but I think that the most common reason is that they feel that they will not be accepted by others if they tell. (Rathus, 2011) In the animal kingdom it is not uncommon for there to be male-male or female-female sexual relationships. However, in male-male relationships in the animal kingdom it is usually an act of dominance not pleasure. This is very similar to the behaviors of male and female inmates or those with limited access to the opposite gender. In prison there is a dominant and submissive person involved in these male-male and female-female sexual relationships. (Rathus, 2011) Coming Out and Adjusting When a gay male or a lesbian announces that they are a gay male or lesbian it is commonly referred to as coming out. I think that depending on the person and the society that they live in it is easy to come out. If you live in a society that accepts it even if they do not approve of it then it is easier to come out to people. It also depends on the support that a person has around them. If a person has a good support system than they will have an easier time coming out. However, if they feel that they will be scorned, mocked, harassed, or any other form of teasing then they will be less likely to come out. (Rathus, 2011) I think that the adjustment is the same for homosexuals as it is for heterosexuals. It is more of a lifestyle choice and therefore depending on how you live your life you will be happy. However, before a person comes out they may be very stressed, tense, overwhelmed, or any number of other feeling and emotions because they are hiding who they are from the world. Pers onal Beliefs I do not think that the historical or scientific reasons from the reading have really shaped my sexual orientation. I think that religion might have a part in some people’s lives but me personally I think that a person should be judged for who they are not for their sexuality. Scientifically, I think that there is possibly a gene in the human body that causes you to be gay or lesbian but I do not think that I have that gene if it does exist. I think that I like who I like regardless of what other people think. Homosexuality is different for every person. There are people who are proud to be homosexual and there are people who are ashamed of being a homosexual. I think that this all depends on how a person is raised and what their beliefs are on the subject. No two people are exactly the same and this is true of homosexuals as well. What works for one person might not work for another person. Homosexuality is only on aspect of a person’s life and thus a person should not be judged and treated differently for this one aspect of their life. References Rathus, S. A., Nevid, J.S., and Fichner-Rathus, L. (2011). Human sexuality in a world of diversity (8th ed.) Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Friday, November 8, 2019
Free Essays on Night Falls On Armenia
Night Falls on Armenia Elie Wiesel’s Night explains the day-to-day hardships of a boy who survives the pain and suffering of a Nazi concentration camp. After the loss of his family, the narrator, Eliezer, along with his father, endures the inhumane treatment of Nazi soldiers. In Night, Eliezer struggles through the Jewish Holocaust, yet years before, the Armenian people had to battle arguably harder conditions in order to survive genocide. Turkish soldiers began their crusade against the Armenians out of fear of both social and economical suppression. The Jewish and Armenian people had similar fears about the people who oppressed them, and the oppressors’ style of subjugation is also homogeneous, but society’s review of the events differs greatly. The oppression of the Jews and Armenians indirectly results from the fears of both the victimized cultures. Eliezer realizes the existence of these fears when reading a letter from a friend. Eliezer recalls the friend’s account of the common beliefs of his community: â€Å" ‘The Jews in Budapest are living in an atmosphere of fear and terror. [†¦] The Fascists are attacking Jewish shops and synagogues. The situation is getting serious,’†(Wiesel 7). The Jews’ fear of loosing what they spent their whole lives building, in a way paralyzes them and prevents them from leaving the hellish conditions they faced in their homes. The reality of leaving behind their life’s work for destruction by the Fascists subconsciously may be unbearable. Similarly, the Armenians had to deal with the fears that engulfed their communities. Reynold Khachatourian, a genocide survivor reminisces, â€Å" ‘They called it â€Å"ethnic deportations due to national interest.†We didn’t care. My family refused to leave as long as we could. We were afraid to go. We were afraid to loose our home, our lives. It was all we had, and we couldn’t bear to leave it behind†(Miller 68). Eventually the Tur... Free Essays on Night Falls On Armenia Free Essays on Night Falls On Armenia Night Falls on Armenia Elie Wiesel’s Night explains the day-to-day hardships of a boy who survives the pain and suffering of a Nazi concentration camp. After the loss of his family, the narrator, Eliezer, along with his father, endures the inhumane treatment of Nazi soldiers. In Night, Eliezer struggles through the Jewish Holocaust, yet years before, the Armenian people had to battle arguably harder conditions in order to survive genocide. Turkish soldiers began their crusade against the Armenians out of fear of both social and economical suppression. The Jewish and Armenian people had similar fears about the people who oppressed them, and the oppressors’ style of subjugation is also homogeneous, but society’s review of the events differs greatly. The oppression of the Jews and Armenians indirectly results from the fears of both the victimized cultures. Eliezer realizes the existence of these fears when reading a letter from a friend. Eliezer recalls the friend’s account of the common beliefs of his community: â€Å" ‘The Jews in Budapest are living in an atmosphere of fear and terror. [†¦] The Fascists are attacking Jewish shops and synagogues. The situation is getting serious,’†(Wiesel 7). The Jews’ fear of loosing what they spent their whole lives building, in a way paralyzes them and prevents them from leaving the hellish conditions they faced in their homes. The reality of leaving behind their life’s work for destruction by the Fascists subconsciously may be unbearable. Similarly, the Armenians had to deal with the fears that engulfed their communities. Reynold Khachatourian, a genocide survivor reminisces, â€Å" ‘They called it â€Å"ethnic deportations due to national interest.†We didn’t care. My family refused to leave as long as we could. We were afraid to go. We were afraid to loose our home, our lives. It was all we had, and we couldn’t bear to leave it behind†(Miller 68). Eventually the Tur...
Tuesday, November 5, 2019
Predicting the Presidential Election with Baseball
Predicting the Presidential Election with Baseball Can the winner of the World Series predict who will become President of the United States? If the American League wins, will that mean a win for the Republican candidate? If the National League wins, does that mean a Democratic president for the next four years? A 24-Year Hot Streak Up until the 1980 presidential election, it appeared that the World Series was an accurate predictor of the presidential race. From 1952 to 1976, whenever the American League won the World Series, the President to win in that years election was a Republican. If the National League won, then the election went to the Democrat. However, the Series hot streak ended with the 1980 election. That year, the Philadelphia Phillies, a National League team, won the Series and Ronald Reagan, a Republican, won the White House. Since then, the World Series has accurately predicted the presidential race 5 out of 9 times, giving is a batting average of 0.555 (or round it up to 0.556, if you must). Thats a very good average for baseball but otherwise is not much better than flipping a coin. Seven-Game Sage The Series is a better predictor of presidents when it goes to seven games. In all of the following election years, the Series got it right. If an American League (AL) team won, so did the Republicans; if a National League (NL) team won, the next president was a Democrat. And the winners were... 1924: Washington Senators (AL) and Calvin Coolidge (R)1940: Cincinnati Reds (NL) and Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)1952 and 1956: New York Yankees (AL) and Dwight Eisenhower (R)1960: Pittsburgh Pirates (NL) and John F. Kennedy (D)1964: St. Louis Cardinals (NL) and Lyndon Johnson (D)1968 and 1972: Detroit Tigers (AL) and Richard Nixon (R) Another (Brief) Streak The Series got hot again in 2000 and accurately predicted the next four presidents, starting with George W. Bush. Actually, it was only two presidentsBush and Obama, both of whom won reelectionbut you cant fault the Series for that. In 2016, it was almost too close to call. The Cubs (National League) won, but so did Trump (Republican). Maybe the Series was banking on the popular vote, which was won by Democrat Hilary Clinton. Darn that electoral college! Other Sure Things? Many Americans swear by patterns and coincidences to help them predict presidential elections. Other examples of predictors from past and present years include the following: If the Washington Redskins win the week of the election, this means a win for the incumbent party. This has held true since 1936.Whichever candidates likeness is on the halloween mask that sells the most will be the next president. When companies produce competing products, the one that sells the most is supposed to predict the winner. For example, if a company has cups with images of the Republican and Democratic candidates, the one that outsells the other would be a predictor.If the Dow Jones Average goes up between August and October, this predicts a win for the incumbent.If the Los Angeles Lakers win the the championship, then the Republican candidate will win. Obviously some of these predictors have a greater basis in reality than others. While most people would say that the Lakers or the Redskins winning is more chance than anything else, the state of the economy does have a huge impact on the presidential election. After all of these predictors, are we any closer to knowing who will win the next presidential election? The answer, of course, is no. However, one thing is fairly certain: to cover their bets, it is more than likely that the Republican candidate will be rooting for the American League team and the Democratic candidate will be cheering on the National League team when the first pitch is thrown in the 2020 World Series.
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Why should Schotland become independent Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
Why should Schotland become independent - Essay Example ttish voted unanimously for the devolution of powers, which meant that despite Scotland being part of the UK, its government gained new more powers such as control of health care and education and in the first time a Scottish parliament (Pruitt, 2014). The quest for independence continued with the election of Alex Salmond in 2007 and subsequent re-election in 2011, which led to the approval of the 2014 independence referendum to end the 307- year old union with the UK even though the SNP party under the leadership of Alex did not win as anticipated. However, some of the major as to why Scotland should be independent include efforts to stop the mass nuclear weapon building, establish Scotland’s democracy, create opportunities for its citizens, end unfairness, and because it has capacity to support it operation. As with democracy, it means that it will endow Scotland self-determination ability and will possess full power in decision making in terms of political affairs. Such was the strong stand held by Salmond in May 2012, when he often stated; the Scottish people living in Scotland are better positioned to make the choices that affect Scotland (Carrell and team, 2014). The pro-independence campaigns by the proponents of the Scotland self-rule often stated that the union had a democratic deficit because United Kingdom is a unitary state and lacks a codified constitution. This deficit has often been used to refer to a period between the 1979 and 1997 United Kingdom elections, during when even though the Labour party holding majority seats in house, the Conservative Party ruled the entire UK. In reference to the instance, Alex Salmond said that such situations amounted to the lack of democracy and added that the Scottish people need to have the right choice for Scotland (independentscotland. org, 2014). Another reason for the independence quest is that with an independent Scotland, it will be easy to address the removal of the Trident nuclear weapons. The aftermath
Friday, November 1, 2019
Enviromental Economics Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words
Enviromental Economics Problem - Research Paper Example Healthcare by products have been disposed to rivers and other areas that are ineffective for their disposal. As a result these wastes have brought with them different devastating affects most of them affecting the economy of the country. The waste is as a result of various economic activities taking place in the country. This therefore means that the waste and their effects are as a result of market failures. Identification of the problem is a key factor here and it involves looking at all the externalities of the various economic activities and the economic activities that are associated with them. Problem analysis is the other factor that we consider here. By the use of a demand curve, we can determine the net social benefit and the marginal private benefit and determine the causes of these externalities. At the end a solution which is economically appropriate is given out to replace the various policies. Problem identification There are various environmental problems that are seen in Kuwait. Following the announcement by Mohammed Al-Enzi that Sabah Al-Ahmad city was at a risk of pollution due to the exposure of the various liquid industrial wastes. This is situated just four kilometers from the city. He also states that Kuwait is one of the countries that have challenges regarding environmental waste disposal. Municipal solid waste is also a problem that is faced by the country. The collection of this waste, their transportation and disposal is a major challenge for the country various suggestions have been put forward to help in the management of these sites such involves the use of anaerobic digestion of the waste before disposing them to the land. Using LCA, the impact of these waste were seen to influence people a lot negatively. Electronic waste is another important point of discussion here. E waste should always be separated with other waste that is decomposable. However in Kuwait, these E wastes are mixed with other waste materials that can be decompo sed thereby making it even hard to dispose. People are also ignorant about the effects of electronic waste on the life of an individual and the entire world. Most people therefore do not take necessary effects needed in order to separate the E wastes from other bio degradable wastes. Awareness is therefore needed and this is the call for both public and government intervention. Healthcare products waste is also common in Kuwait. There are various diseases that are seen in the area of Kuwait due to the rising number of bad disposal of healthcare products. These result in negative economic impact on the government and the people of Kuwait as this disease are expensive to treat and better ways of disposal are also expensive to set and maintain. Poor disposal of these materials is also a major challenge that is faced by the people of Kuwait. By products from healthcare is also a challenge to the people as they have to think of the best way to dispose them and make them have no threat to causing diseases. Various hospitals are also taking the advantage of government reluctance and disposing their waste in a dangerous manner. This result in environmental pollution which in the long run affects the economy. Problem analysis The externalities experienced in Kuwait are as a result of the marginal social cost (MSC) being more than the private costs (MPC). From the look, there is more profit that the government an
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